Mindfulness derives largely from Hindu and Buddhist traditions, and is closely related to eastern meditation techniques such as Zen and Vipassana. According to the renowned mindfulness teacher Jon Kabat-Zinn, mindfulness is synonymous with awareness, and is cultivated by paying attention in the present moment with intention and a lack of judgment. Mindfulness is a meditation practice that seeks to bring about greater self-understanding and well-being, as well as develop a way of being in the world that is more intentional and less judgmental.
One of the most popular methods of mindfulness meditation is to sit, with eyes closed, and focus on the breath. The point is not to breathe in any particular way, but to simply pay attention to one’s natural rhythm of breathing. If distracting thoughts arise, one notices them without judgment, and then turns one’s attention back to the breath.
One can also practice mindfulness while doing a particular task, such as eating, walking, or doing a chore. When practicing in this way, one pays attention to any sounds, sensations, thoughts and/or feelings that occur while one is doing the task, being attentive to the present moment without expectation or judgment.
For further reading:
Mindfulness for Beginners, by Jon Kabat-Zinn
The Miracle of Mindfulness, by Thich Nhat Hanh